油菜底施硼肥及其后效的研究

田间试验和定位试验结果表明，在土壤有效硼含量≤０．３３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１的缺硼土壤上栽培油菜，底施硼肥较叶面喷硼的增产效果好，一般亩施硼砂０．４—０．５ｋｇ能满足油菜丰产对硼的需要，但需年年施硼．油菜底施硼肥可节省人工，投资少，增产显著．     

连续分期配施有机肥对棉花超高产及土壤肥力的影响

1997～ 1 999年定位施肥试验表明 ,在施N量为 592 5～ 60 0 0kg·hm- 2 (N∶P2 O3∶K2 O =1∶0 5∶0 6) ,有机肥N、P2 O5、K2 O分别占 1 0 0 %～ 1 2 4%、 50 3 %～ 51 0 %和 50 0 %的条件下 ,随着分期配施有机肥年限的增加 ,棉花果节数、结铃数、结铃率和皮棉产量均得到明显的提高 ,铃重和衣分也略有增加 ,土壤肥力也得了改善和提高。创棉花 2 2 50kg·hm- 2 高产 ,要求连续分期配施有机肥 2年以上 ,棉花六成铃区成铃比例皆在 1 0 %以上。     

稻田春玉米氮、磷、钾配方施肥数学模型的初步研究

采用氮、磷、钾三因素旋转组合设计,通过计算机模拟寻优,建立了稻田春玉米--杂交晚稻种植制度中玉米产量--施肥量,玉米生产利润--施肥量数学模型:分析了氮(X₁)、磷(X₂)、钾(X₃)的主效应及交互效应与产量的关系,它们对产量的影响为氮＞钾＞磷.筛选出玉米产量≥8250kg/hm²的最优方案为:N394.96～401.25kg/hm²、P₂O₅116.99～121.8kg/hm²、K₂O 232.29～237.06kg/hm²,其比例为N∶P₂O₅K₂O=3.4∶1∶2.并筛选出玉米利润≥6800元/hm²的最优方案为:N380.60～385.55kg/hm²,P₂O₅104.73～108.03kg/hm²、K₂O222.20～225.12kg/hm².其比例为N∶P₂O₅K₂O=3.6∶1∶2.1。     

不同氮钾肥施用方法对水稻产量及抗倒伏性的影响

水稻倒伏常发生于籽粒灌浆中后期,是高产、稳产、优质生产的主要限制因素之一。试验选用寒地超级稻品种松粳9号,研究不同氮钾肥施用方法对水稻产量性状及茎秆抗倒特性的影响,为寒地水稻超高产抗倒栽培技术的建立提供理论依据。结果表明,施氮量为90 kg·hm-2时,增加生育前期氮肥施用量有利于提高单株穗数、每穗粒数和单株粒重,但施氮量为135 kg·hm-2时,减少生育前期氮肥施用量,而提高生育后期氮肥施用量更有利于提高单株穗数、每穗粒数和单株粒重;在同等施氮量条件下,增加生育前期氮肥施用量可极显著增加第1和第2节间长度,并降低茎秆抗折力,尤其是施氮量高时这种影响更大;增加氮肥施用量时,相应增加钾肥施用量和减少生育前期氮肥施用量将有利于提高茎秆抗倒特性;增加生育后期氮肥施用量明显提高茎秆全氮含量,而增加生育前期氮肥施用量有利于促进水稻植株钾的吸收和积累,提高茎秆钾含量;茎秆氮含量与节间长度呈显著或极显著正相关,与抗折力呈负相关;茎秆钾含量与节间长度呈显著负相关,与抗折力呈极显著正相关。     

肥料增效剂在烟草减量施肥中的应用效果

为了提高肥料利用率和烟叶产量,改善烟叶品质,减少施肥量,减轻施肥对环境的影响,以云烟87为材料,于2014年在花垣县对萨派德肥料增效剂在烟草减量施肥中的应用效果进行了研究.结果表明,在施用萨派德肥料增效剂的同时减少0～ 10％的常规施肥量,可明显提高肥料的利用率,有利于烟草的生长发育,起到增产增收的效果;烟叶产量可增加153.0～208.5 kg/hm2,均价可提高0.7～0.9元/kg,中上等烟叶比例可提高2.1～4.8个百分点,产值可提高4 389.0～5 902.5元/hm2;而减少常规施肥量的20％则对烟叶的产量、品质及产值有较大的影响;这表明在施用萨派德肥料增效剂时,可酌情减少10％～20％的肥料量.     

栽培条件对水稻镉积累的影响研究进展

综述了不同土壤、肥料与水分等生态栽培条件对水稻镉(Cd)积累的影响。认为土壤类型与土壤p H,有机肥与氮磷钾肥、硅肥、钙肥及其他微量元素肥,以及水分管理等均对水稻镉积累具有明显的影响;淹水是通过影响土壤的各种理化性质来影响土壤镉的生物有效性;合适的栽培方式能在保证水稻产量的同时,减少水稻对镉的吸收与积累。并提出了今后相关的研究方向。     

烤烟氯营养研究进展

氯元素既是烤烟必需的微量元素之一,对烤烟生长发育及产质量有重要影响,也是影响烟叶质量的主要指标之一。传统观点认为烤烟是忌氯作物,生产上禁施氯肥。但是据近年来相关报道部分烟叶产区由于氯含量过低而成为影响烟叶质量的重要限制因子,以往有关烟叶氯含量的控制所做的大量研究表明,在缺氯的烟区适当施用氯肥,能够促进烟叶生长发育,并且有助于改善烟叶品质。阐述了氯离子对烤烟的生理作用,对初烤烟叶质量的影响以及烤烟氯素吸收积累规律,同时对以往增施氯肥的研究进行了综述,并对今后烤烟氯素的研究做了展望。     

临沧双江高中海拔地区烤烟追肥方案的优选

为探明临沧双江高、中海拔地区烤烟生产最佳追肥方案,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同追肥次数、时间和追肥比例对高、中海拔地区烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分和感官质量的影响。结果表明,2次追肥,追肥结束期早(栽后15 d)有利于烟株生长前期早生快发,追肥结束期晚(栽后25 d)或增加追肥次数能提高烟叶上等烟比例、产量、产值和烟叶抽吸品质。Ta3处理,即2次追肥,分别在移栽后7 d,移栽后25 d施用,追肥比例为3∶7,为临沧双江高海拔地区最佳追肥方案;Tb4处理,即3次追肥,分别在移栽后7 d,移栽后15 d,揭膜当天施用,追肥比例为2∶6∶2,为临沧双江中海拔地区最佳追肥方案。     

Physiological Responses of Leymus Chinensis to Long-Term Salt,Alkali and Mixed Salt-Alkali Stresses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel exposed to long-term salt, salt-alkali, and alkali stress in order to elucidate how L. chinensis can survive under alkaline-sodic soils. L. chinensis (30 days after germination) were stressed with salt [SS; sodium chloride (NaCl)], mixed salt-alkali [MS; molar ratio of NaCl: sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) = 2:1] and alkali salt (AS; Na₂CO₃) at four different levels of sodium (Na⁺) concentration (0, 75, 150, and 300 mM) for 60 days. L. chinensis showed 100% survival rate at all treatments except 300 mM SS (33.3%) and AS (18.9%). The growth and physiological parameters of survival plants were measured. As anticipated, growth of L. chinensis was inhibited after stresses, which reflected in the decline of plant height, dry weight and tiller number following the increased Na⁺ concentration. The content of Na⁺, proline, and soluble sugar in L. chinensis increased with the increasing Na⁺ concentration, suggesting that L. chinensis need to accumulate inorganic and organic solutes for resisting osmotic stress induced by various salt stresses. These processes ensure the water balance that can provide a relative normal physiological environment for L. chinensis. Potassium (K⁺) content of L. chinensis kept at a relative lower level than control to ensure the normal physiological processes. Chlorophyll content of stressed plant increased slightly compared to control plants, which can produce more energy for L. chinensis resisting various stresses. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of stressed plants showed the damage of various stresses. Among the three treatments (SS, MS, and AS), the injury extent for L. chinensis can be expressed by AS>SS>MS, and MS was the most complicated for the counterbalance effects of soil electrical conduction and pH.     

Effect of Two Magnesium Fertilizers on Leaf Magnesium Concentration,Yield, and Quality of Potato and Sugar Beet

Twelve field experiments were conducted to study the impacts of calcined magnesite and Kieserite fertilizers on yield, quality and leaf concentrations of magnesium (Mg) in potatoes and sugar beet. The rate of Mg applied was 60 kg Mg ha^?1, and the experiments were realized in six locations for both crop species. There were clear increases in leaf Mg concentration and yield of both crops resulting from application of Mg fertilizers. Mean increase in leaf Mg concentration and crop yield for both species were more pronounced with Kieserite than with calcined magnesite. Sugar concentrations of sugar beet and dry matter yield of potatoes were, however, influenced only slightly by the Mg fertilizers. It seems that superiority of Kieserite to calcined magnesite is related to higher Mg solubility of Kieserite. Use of Mg fertilizers with higher solubility helps to avoid the risk of Mg deficiency and subsequent losses in yield and economic returns.